After perusing pages 258-274, answer the following questions based on the reading. In addition to answering the questions, feel free to post any observations that you made while reading this section. Post two comments on the blog, the first being your answers and the second in response to your classmates.
1. How did Hamilton's economic plans (not including the national bank) reflect his assertion that the Constitution was not 'high toned enough.'?
2. Create a chart that summarizes the strengths and criticisms of Hamilton's plan
3. Despite its passage in Congress, why did the debate over assumption and funding not cease?
4. How did the Whiskey Rebellion relate to the growth of the national government?
5. Why did the French Revolution present a serious test for the United States?
6. How did the French Revolution affect ordinary people in the United States?
7. Overall, evaluate the political climate that formed during Washington's presidency.
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1) Hamilton’s economic plan reflected the assertion that the Constitution was not high-toned enough, or not intellectually superior enough, by proposing well-thought out, complex ideas. His plan delved much deeper into economic issues and may have been too complicated for the average person to comprehend.
ReplyDelete2) As a whole, Hamilton’s plan did succeed in what it was trying to do. It restored public credit, stabilized the economy, and gave the government a steady stream of revenue. It also created a more efficient banking system. These improvements in the American economy caused foreign countries to pay more attention to the U.S and it take more seriously. On the downside, Hamilton’s plan did receive much criticism. People felt it favored the elite because they were the ones who got money for the bonds. In addition, the plan had the government begin exercising its power to tax, which upset the people. The growing debt the plan created was also an issue.
3) Though Congress passed Hamilton’s plan, debates over it did not end. It seemed that Hamilton’s ideas made the people nervous and concerned. Many did not want a strong central government because they feared it would be oppressive. Hamilton’s plan for the national government to assume state debts would increase the government’s credibility and centralize power more. This was a huge source of worry for the people and if anything, it only increased once the plan was passed by Congress because Hamilton’s ideas were actually going to be put into action. Furthermore, the plan imposed taxes on the people. On paper, this created much dissent. Once actually implemented the dissent only grew.
4) The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that while the national government’s power increased, as did the anger among the people. When taxes were imposed on them, it was reminiscent of England’s rule over them and this set off the alarm bells in many Americans’ minds. They were concerned that the American government was becoming more and more oppressive as its power grew and this caused them to revolt.
5) The French Revolution was a test for the United States because it divided the American people. Federalists supported the English and felt they represented organization and the fight against anarchy. Others supported the French cause and felt that their battle for liberty was justified. This divide amongst the people furthered the gap between people with differing political views.
6) Ordinary people in the United States were affected by the French Revolution because they were inspired by the French fight for liberty and found it very relatable. At a time when Americans were beginning to feel oppressed by their own government due to the implementation of taxes, they saw the French fight for liberty and were spurred to do the same. They related to their cause and it sparked more opposition amongst them over the government’s growing power.
7) During Washington’s presidency, there seemed to be a general political climate of anxiety. People were becoming increasingly divided, even amongst Washington’s own administration (Hamilton and Jefferson). The radical revolution in France was making this division grow as well as spurring on the ordinary people who were feeling oppressed by the American government. Tension was escalating as political societies formed in opposition to Hamilton’s plan and the divide between the people continued to grow.
1. Hamilton's economic plans insinuated the Constitutions' failure in detail and complexity by distributing his own plan which was both. His "high toned" course of action really brought his complex hopes for America to the table, by introducing what might be seen as above the people's heads, but for their best interest.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Accomplished a stable government revenue, established national credit, and gave America the world's spot light.
Critisim: extremely complex, gave the wealthy an upper hand, and imposed taxes
3. No one's ever happy with what they have. Hamilton's plans were extremely thought out and complex, and made many people stir in fear of oppression. Debates continued on about assumption and funding to see if improvements and certain securities could be made. The uneasiness of many was felt, and the debates gave them a platform on which to voice their concern, despite it still being passed by Congress.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion was a token of the National government increasing in size and power. Despite the benifit of the allocated taxes for the people, people feared the renewal of England's oppressive power. Simply put: the Whisky tax made the people flashback to a time of a powerful government.
5&6) The French Revolution, in part, was dedicated to the Americans, as the fight for justice and freedom was embodied in our Revolutionary War. This presented a serious test for the United States because the vote was split. Some (mainly the Federalists) supported the English, while others supported the French. Idealistically, The French Revolution was a battle for freedom (of the French) or against anarchy (by the British). Either way, rifts among the ordinary people were created, leaving the US under pressure.
7. Washington pleaded against different political parties because he figured major splits would arise. Overall, he seemed to be wise in his comment, but not too keen in keeping true to it. Parties were formed, and mainly because of the different views on how things should go accordingly. This leads to how I view Washington's presidency; Washinton's presidency was full of quarreling and stress. Everyone was watching the first democracy since Rome get started off, and no one was sure how it would go. History seemed to point to oppression, and the Constitution was favoring hope. Despite this, the political climate seemed to be seeping fear. Would it all work out? Will everything be fine? Will we truly be free?
Rebecca brings up a good point on Washington's presidency. He worked very hard to be above politics and not create any divides amongst his administration or the American people but was unable to do so. Unfortunately, people will always have differences of opinions and this will result in division, no matter what. In a sense, there was really nothing Washington could do to prevent factions from forming despite his knowledge of the danger they would cause. Such factions resulted in a lot of quarreling during his term and created a very stressful, tense environment.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton's reports on the public credit and manufacturers included complicated propositions and were worded in a more upper class fashion. His positions and proposals usually supported the upper class more than anyone else. Also, he took lessons from the British system, such as the national bank.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Create credit for the country so they would be able to borrow more money, have a higher stake in other countries interests, pay a lesser interest on loans, and created domestic taxes (such as Whiskey) for revenue and importation tariffs. Wealthy individuals would look to it rather than the states for a return on their investments because they assumed all of the states' debts. Criticisms: Favored the upper class, businessmen, and merchants on the coast/Northeast. Was only endorsed by Madison and Jefferson after an agreement to move the seat of government from New York to a special federal district farther South.
3. Anti-Federalists and Southerners such as Patrick Henry still opposed the funding and assumption scheme. For instance, Henry warned that southern agriculture was being subordinated to the interests of northern commerce. This was shown politically by the Virginia resolutions framed by Henry, which reflected his views. Hamilton believed that "This is the first symptom of a spirit which must either be killed, or will kill the Constitiution."
4. It showed the government's power by showcasing the national army's strength, although it was never actually proven on a battlefield. The power of the military (run by the government) scared the protesters away without the need for a battle at all. It related to the government's growth because of the visible strength in numbers the army had gained since the Revolutionary War.
5. The French Revolution provided a test for America because it threatened to draw America in. America began extensive trade with France because of the war, however England did as well. This created tensions between America and England. Washington faced the difficult problem of not getting drawn into the European conflict. To keep the peace in America, he did not join the war even though the French treaty of 1778 seemed to require the United States aid France as much as France had assisted it during the Revolutionary War.
6. The French Revolution affected ordinary people in the United States by showing how a Revolution could have gone wrong. In France, atrocities occurred and liberty wasn't established for a while. Also, many people began to believe that England could become a better ally instead of France. Women began to rally for a part in American politics because of the radical ideas swept from France into America.
7. The political climate that formed under Washington's presidency was tense because there were still two sides in many decisions and debates. For instance, Federalists and Anti-federalists still had many conflicting views. Also, many people either agreed or disagreed with the economic ideas of Alexander Hamilton. The Whiskey Rebellion was actually a long period, and definitely made secession by backcountry regions a possibility. Little support of France's bloody revolution was also a major decision, and was supported or opposed by many citizens and politicans.
1. Hamilton felt that he needed to establish an economic plan for the new nation because the constitution did not outline a specific plan. That is why Hamilton felt that he needed to take the initiative to send the nation in what he thought was the right direction. His plan went into many specifics that were complex in order to achieve certain goals he thought the nation needed. Although his plan was very complex and seemed like it was over everyone’s heads it had their best interests in mind.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: centralized funds, establish good credit, established steady stream of revenue, established a more efficient banking system, and unified the nation. Criticisms: the debt would keep growing, original bond holders (soldiers) lose out because they sold their bonds already for under the value, taxed people, and favored the rich.
3. This debate did not cease because people were afraid that the centralized government was getting to powerful. This was because when Congress passed it the central government had taken on all the funds people felt that the government was going to far in establishing this credit. Also people thought that the government was being oppressive because of imposed taxes on themselves, and they feared that the government was turning into Great Britain.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion had shown how the government’s power had increased. In this situation the government had an uprising on their hands because of a tax that they imposed, but unlike the times of The Articles of Confederation the government could do something about it. The government sent 13,000 troops to break up the rebellion. It was easily broken. The people now thought that the government was becoming way to powerful and oppressive.
5. The French Revolution put the United States through a test because it divided Americans and also gave the government a hard time with trade. It divided the people because people like the Federalists supported England because they thought that England was right in fighting against anarchy. Meanwhile the other side supported the French because they thought that the French were justified in their actions. Also the French Revolution tested the government because it forced it try and pick a trade partner either Britain or France, but the government decided to stay neutral which was hard for it.
6. The French Revolution did affect ordinary people in the United States. This is because it was a scene for average Americans of people doing whatever they have to protect their rights especially during a time when ordinary people were feeling oppressed by the government. So, it gave these ordinary Americans new idea on how to protect their rights and liberties. This in turn sparked more opposition towards their own government.
7. The political climate during Washington’s presidency was one that was filled with anxious people. Everyone was anxious to see how their new government was going to turn out. Also they were afraid that political ideas that would come up would create to strong of a centralized government. Washington also had to deal with a lot of resentment because of new policies imposed by Hamilton and others. As the presidency went on a wedge kept getting driven between the people and their ideas.
I thinks Justin's Hamilton quote was very clever in proving his point. I am met with slight confusion though, when hearing Hamilton's belief that "This is the first symptom of a spirit which must either be killed, or will kill the Constitiution." Its and extremely strong statement claiming that the people who are protected by the Constitution, but disagree, will come and eradicate its existence form American politics. It just goes to prove the frail and divisive era in which President Washington had to manage, has full of strong opposing view points.
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ReplyDeleteI agree with Dana’s statement on how Washington tried to keep people in his administration from having a strong division amongst each other. He tried to do this, but when you have such opinionated people like Jefferson and Hamilton in your cabinet it is hard to try and stop them from getting into debates about everything. Also he could not stop the division that the south was starting to create regarding slaves. Though he did try to contain the division it just was not enough. Dana said it best “Unfortunately, people will always have differences of opinions and this will result in division, no matter what.”, but this is what establishes a very innovative government because of these combinations of ideas and opinions.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton did not believe that that Constitution was ‘high toned enough’ and therefore acted upon this. In stage one of his economic plan he proposed that government’s creditors should be enabled to exchange their bonds at face value for new, interest-bearing government bonds. This will take all bonds out of circulation and increase the value of them. In this situation, the wealthier people are being benefitted while the middle to low class will feel a negative impact being that their bonds were taken away. Hamilton intended for his plan to benefit the wealthy so it would strengthen the relationship between wealth and national power in the country.
ReplyDelete2.Strengths: Public credit was restored, other countries were now paying attention to us, stabilized the economy, centralized all government funds, gave steady stream revenue, more efficient banking system, forced unification of America.
Criticisms: The plan favored the wealthy, people still have to pay taxes, debt will keep growing, and soldiers were left out.
3. The debate over assumption and funding did not cease because many were fearful of the government becoming too centralized. Hamilton proposed that all the state debt would accumulate to make one big national debt so now it would be easier to establish credibility and they would be seen as one unified nation to other countries over seas. Individual states became enraged that they had to pay for other states debt and feared that this action would give them too much power. Also, the government took away bonds of soldiers and lower class people to sell them, making more money and increasing value of them. This only benefitted the wealthy which worried many that the government was becoming too elitist. Lastly, the government started to impose taxes again which many were unhappy with. They feared that if the government goes too far it would be a repeat of what they had to go through with the British.
4. When Washington led troops into Pennsylvania and ceased all conflicts in relation to the whiskey tax, it showed that the government had become stable and somewhat powerful. They were able to build and maintain a powerful army that can control issues throughout the nation. After the public saw just how powerful the army was it made them question if they knew their limits or not. The rebellion also warned the country as to what problem may occur in future. The gap between gentry-based politics of Congress and locally based politics was becoming closer and closer which informed the government that they must grow stronger to prevent any issues deriving from this topic to occur.
5. The French Revolution threatened the nation’s security and created division between American people. At first America was prosperous and made a huge amount of profit from shipbuilding. This soon ended when both Britain and France wanted American goods and did everything they could to keep the other country from getting any. America was caught in the middle which created conflict but they decided to stay neutral. The French Revolution also caused the public to be divided. The federalist support England while others support France both thinking that the country had justified reasons to act as they did.
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ReplyDelete6. Women were greatly effect by the French Revolution. In France women were often involved in arguments and immersed themselves in revolutionary crowds. This female interaction with politics then spread to American women and inspired them to get involved also. Women became spectators, performers and opened dinner parties to discuss politics. The French Revolution caused women to have a presence in politics and change their identities.
ReplyDelete7. During Washington’s presidency tension was very apparent. Many knew that some sort of economic plan needed to be established so that they can get the country back on its feet and grow. Washington was under pressure to get this done but also had the pressure of the public and citizens on himself too. Tension was abundant between people who had opposing ideas about the economic plan and had different views politically. The fear of the government was huge so everyone questioned everything and rebelled a lot because they did not want their country to end up like Britain. With this being said, Washington may have been apprehensive when making a decision because the reaction of public is uncertain and may lead to something that can ultimately threaten the well being of the country.
1 Hamilton's economic plans reflect his assertion that the Constitution was not 'high toned enough. His plans were very complex, especially for the time and the average farmer would not understand most of it. Hamilton's plans would be mostly understood by the wealthy educated individuals which seems somewhat elitist.
ReplyDelete2 Strengths of Hamilton's plan-Stabilized economy, Created national credit, brought attention to the USA, started a steady stream of government revenue. Criticisms- increased taxes, created national debt, soldiers were not completely payed back.
3 Hamilton's plan was very controversial. Many people disliked it because it increased the power of the national government and imposed new taxes. Hamilton's plan was passed anyway and this would start the trend of passing on debt to the next generation.
4 The whiskey rebellion showed the new strength of the national government. First it showed that the government now had the ability to tax for revenue. Additional it showed that the government could mobilize troops to put down a rebellion of defend the country.
5 The french revolution greatly tested the American government. First both France and England were large trading partners with America. When England began to intervene, both sides demanded aid from America. Washington however was able to remain neutral. Also Many of the Federalists supported the actions of the English because they were putting down anarchy, on the other hand people thought the actions of the people were just.
6 To the ordinary American, the french revolution showed that regular people can rise up against a government that is being oppressive, this happening when some people were becoming fearful of the stronger government.
7 Looking back at this time period I find the political climate very interesting. There were many very smart and intelligent men who had just redesigned the government, all of which wanted to have as much input as possible. People felt very strongly about their beliefs and thought they could have great contributions to this new government.
1. Hamilton’s economic plans reflected his assertion that the Constitution was not “high toned” enough by creating a plan that benefitted the wealthier class more. One of his very first plans was to collect all the bonds and reinstate them with a higher face value which took away from the soldiers who had originally owned them when they were worth very little. By reinstating them, it was the wealthy landowners that could afford to buy the bonds when they did not need them. It was the poorer families like farmers who needed them and Hamilton’s plan simply ignored their needs. Furthermore, although Hamilton’s plan to create tariffs on imported goods was not endorsed by Congress, the plan disregarded the working class families. Hamilton knew that the plan would raise the cost of living and reduce trade but he didn’t consider the consequences it would have on these poorer people.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Created a national credit, stabilized the economy, forced unification of the states, centralized all government resources and funds, created a steady flow of revenue from taxation of whiskey and other products, established a national bank that allowed for a more cohesive and organized banking system.
Weaknesses: Did not pay back the debt entirely so debt would continue growing as spending increased, the wealthy landowners were favored, soldiers were left out and had to watch other people who did not need the money raise profits, taxation of people.
3. Although Congress did endorse Hamilton’s plan, the debate over assumption and funding did not cease because Hamilton’s plans were not always the most easily acceptable. In fact, some people feared that these plans would be oppressive and give the government too much power and in turn, become like England. Hamilton’s plans to create a national bank that was modeled off of the royal bank in England was just more proof that the government might become like the nation they had just separated themselves from.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion related to the growth of the nation government by showing the citizens how much power the national government now had. The taxes that Hamilton proposed on whiskey and other products had angered the citizens in western Pennsylvania so much that they denounced the tax and prevented its collection. Having to deal with this, the national government had to demonstrate its increased power over the people by sending troops and many feared that this was a sign of a repressive government to come.
5. The French Revolution presented a serious test for the United States because it was another test of how well the country could stand on its own two feet. The French Revolution divided the American people, creating two sides to the conflict. Now, the country was embroiled in other nations’ conflicts which took a toll on the uneasy American people. Their opinions were split as they could not decide whether to support Britain or France especially when faced with the decision of which nation to help. Federalists supported Britain mostly. Others felt that it was reasonable and just to fight for liberty.
6. The French Revolution affected the ordinary people of the United States by acting as inspiration and influence for what could potentially be done to protect their liberties as citizens. They watched the French Revolution unfold with the French people acting against their own government desiring more freedoms. Through seeing this, the American people understood that they could do what the French did in case their own government became too oppressive.
ReplyDelete7. The political climate that formed during Washington’s presidency was clouded by uncertainty of where the government was leading the new country. They understood that they as the founders of the country had to choose a path to follow, one that could not be changed just by going back and starting over. Once they chose their path, they were set and this is what made people nervous. Was the government going to be oppressive? Was it going to resemble Britain eventually? These questions plagued both the founding fathers and the citizens. Washington himself was uneasy about where the government may lead in the future.
I think Jenna’s statement about Washington’s presidency was very well-stated. Although Washington was liked by many, he was still the very first President of the United States and with this title there came a lot of burden and pressure. Tension was undoubtedly there between people who had the opposing ideas about what to do with the economy like Hamilton and Jefferson and Washington was wedged in between these two views. The political climate was filled with so much tension that Washington himself had to watch what decisions he eventually made because like Jenna said, the way the public would react was uncertain and an angry group of people should not be disregarded as they can ultimately be a much larger threat to the nation.
ReplyDeleteEmily makes a great point in stating how the French served as an inspirtation to the Americans. They displayed how if government gets too centralized or corrupt it is the citizen's job to act out and voice their opinions. The French modled a way to do this and having that they did it first makes the topic seem more comfortable to others.
ReplyDelete1. His plans reflect that the Constitution was not up to par, by stating intricate details and strategies to help America’s economy. Almost everything mentioned in Hamilton’s plans were not mentioned in the constitution. Even though the plan would theoretically help everyone, only the rich would benefit because they would be able to adjust to the rigid guidelines, unlike the poorer people. Many of the wealthy people received bonds to sell. Many ended up being sold at high face values, and lots of profit was made. This higher-toned style of government dealt with all the “problems” Hamilton saw in the Constitution
ReplyDelete2. The strengths of Hamilton’s plan were that public credit was restored, the economy stabilized, a national bank and revenue were created, the states became more unified, and funds were centralized. Some of the criticism Hamilton’s plan received was that it favored the wealthy (they got more bonds), taxes had to be paid, the debt would continue to grow (extremely hard to pay off), and the poorer people (soldiers) were not respected.
3. Hamilton’s plan barely passed Congress. More moderate people like Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry opposed the plan, as it went against the constitution (it stated things not mentioned in the constitution). The plan also came across as one that gave the national government a lot of power. All of the debt from the colonies was pooled into one big pile, and every state was responsible for paying it off. This angered states as some had already paid off their debt; they did not want to worry about helping another state. Also, the Virginia assembly passed resolutions that stated the south was being used to the advantages of the northern states. This caused dissent between the Federalists and Jeffersonians, prolonging the arguments. The thought of an all-powerful national government and the chance of becoming like Great Britain scared many Americans.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion was an example of the gain in America’s power. George Washington sent 13,000 troops to Pennsylvania to deal with rebels. This number of troops alone was greater than the number of men the colonies had during the American Revolution. Because the troops were able to put down the rebellion with ease (and not too much force), the public had realized the government’s strength increased; it scared some people as they didn’t know what actions Washington would take next.
5. The French Revolution was a serious test for the U.S. because it tested how they would react to foreign problems. One major issue with the French Revolution was that America did not know whether or not they should be involved with it. On occasion, they sent ships and supplies overseas, but other countries would confiscate the cargo, and sometimes “steal” the American sailors. Americans were also afraid to help out any one particular country because they didn’t know what the reactions of the surrounding nations’ would be. They were anxious to join the cause, and afraid to make enemies.
ReplyDelete6. Ordinary people were influenced by the actions of others in the revolution. When Edmund Genet came over, he preached about how America should side with France in the revolution. He explained the political situation in Europe, which sparked an enthusiasm for politics. Many more people became involved with forming political organizations. Also, the role French women had in the French Revolution influenced many American women. French women were involved with protesting, riots, etc. American woman began speaking up for political topics, and they claimed a wider presence in the public sphere.
7. The climate that formed during Washington's term was chaotic. His main cabinet members, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson, constantly bickered over foreign and national issues. The people of America also became more politically active. They began to create political organizations like the Sons of Liberty, and they expressed their views on issues faced by the government (like today). However, these groups caused a lot of controversy, and ultimately, political harmony weakened.
1. Hamilton proposed more taxes as well as tariffs in order to rake in government revenue, and in making this proposal he pretty much pushed aside any of the poorer citizens who would possibly have trouble coming up with enough money to pay the taxes. He also replaced old government bonds with new bonds plus interest, and the soldiers who may have sold those bonds to others lost their well-deserved profit. He wished to favor the ambitious entrepreneur.
ReplyDelete2. Hamilton's plan was effective in gaining credit for the country, even if it didn't get rid of much debt. It also established a steady stream of revenue for the national government instead of having the government gain its money just from selling land to newcomers. Despite this, the plan was slightly elitist and favored the upper class rather than all classes equally
3. Members of the Virginia Assembly passed a bunch of resolutions that warned about the diminishing of southern agriculture and how the power of the government was expanding.
The Whiskey Rebellion was caused by farmers who were all angered at the amount of money they were being asked for when they transported sugar cane as whiskey.
ReplyDelete5. The French Revolution tested the American people of the past. It forced them to think ahead and believe in the future.
6. At first, people were very receptive since they though the French Revolution was an extension of America's struggle against the English.
7. The political climate during Washington's presidency was charged with tension. One wrong move that he made could've toppled the entire country to his feet. The people understood that, so they kept an eye on him, tried to talk to people who were in his circle.
1. Hamilton’s economic plan was geared toward helping the wealthy merchants in the North. He believed that setting up a strong relationship between the wealthy and the national government would help the country get on its feet. By creating his economic plans to benefit the wealthy, he made an assertion that the Constitution was not “high toned enough.”
ReplyDelete2. The strengths of Hamilton’s plan: increased credit so that the US can borrow more money in the future, stabilized the economy, brought the attention to the US, system of revenue to the government.
Weaknesses: the soldiers who originally had the bonds were given a lesser value for their bonds while the people who bought the bonds made an enormous profit, tax, only beneficial toward the rich and not the poor.
3. The debate over assumption and funding did not cease, because it went against the Constitutionality. Some people, like Hamilton, believed in loose constitutionality where they believed that the government had the right to make any laws that were necessary and proper, even if it is not explicitly stated in the Constitution. Others, however, believed that if something is not stated in the Constitution, then it is unlawful and should not be a law. This fundamental disagreement caused a rift in the government and caused opposition.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion related to the growth of the national government, because the national government was able to stop a rebellion from occurring. Hamilton stated that suppressing the rebellion “will add solidity of everything in this country.” Therefore, when the rebels broke up as soon as the federal army approached Pittsburgh, it showed to the nation that the national government was growing in strength and had a great power over the people.
ReplyDelete5. The French Revolution served as a test for the Americans, because it separated the country into two different sides. The Americans now had to prove to the world whether or not they can survive and preserve the country even with divisions of thoughts that revolved around helping out either the French or the British.
6. The French Revolution taught the citizens of the United States that freedom and liberty is a right that they deserve to have and that they can fight, just as they did during the Revolutionary War. Also, women were a huge part of the revolutionary crowds in France, and this caused American women to also take an active part of the public rallies. Many women participated as spectators, performers, and playwrights in patriotic plays and held parties and social salons to have political talks.
7. In the beginning of Washington’s presidency, there was a universal consensus in the government. However, it was inevitable that different views would arise such as the economic policies between Hamilton and Jefferson. Washington sided almost every single time with Hamilton, which caused the factions to drift further and further apart and oppositions between new proposals became stronger. Now that the country was embroiled with foreign situations as well, Washington and the national government had even greater problems to fix, and each decision that was made caused approval in one group and disapproval in the other.
1.Hamilton voiced his opinions, that the constitution was not “high toned enough” and his economic plans reflected his ideals. Hamilton went beyond the constitutional laws pertaining to government taxes and proposed a radical economic plan. But his plan didn’t come out of nowhere. It incorporated cunning ploys and economic genius that went beyond the constitution. The constitution was just too simple to govern such complicated plans.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Hamilton’s plan generated a better credit score which allowed the government to borrow more money to spend. A national bank was a more efficient way of keeping track of money and government transactions. The government can pay back their debt, and also have a source of revenue through taxes. Other countries would start to pay attention to the US. Criticisms: Some people believed that Hamilton’s plans were unconstitutional. Even though some of the debt is solved, when the government borrows more money after they pay off the debts, the debts are still increasing.
3. Hamilton tried to pass several stages of his plan. On part of his plan was to have a national bank capable of handling government financial affairs and pool private investment capital for economic development. Many members of congress saw his plan as an indefinite expansion of federal authority. The southern anti federalists warned that their agriculture was being subordinated to the interest of northern commerce. They feared that the national government powers were greatly expanding.
4. The dispersion of the rebels when the army approached them shows the growth of the national government. People feared what the army could do; People were unsure what to think and they looked to GW for leadership. George Washington mainly sided with Hamilton though, when it came to economic planning.
5. The United States had to choose which side to be on. They wanted to remain neutral, because they wanted to maximize their profit from trading from both the French and the English, but it was hard to ignore the French claims for help, because the French had helped the Americans out during their revolution. But they also had to maintain relations and diplomacy with all countries too, in order to benefit the fatherland, with trade and try to borrow money from these countries in the future.
6. There was a mixed reaction to the French revolution among the ordinary people. Some people liked how the French Revolution affirmed the universal relevance of the US struggle for liberty. While other people feared the revolt of the slaves as liberties and human rights became a widespread connotation.
7. In the beginning, political harmony seemed somewhat plausible, but as time progressed, it disappeared, not only among Congress but among the people as well. Divisions, factions and dissent deepened in every important issue of foreign and domestic policy. Within GW’s administration, congressmen openly opposed his policies as these factions began to threaten the stability of the country.
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ReplyDeleteI like how Chris mentioned in the last question about Hamilton and Jefferson's bickering within the cabinet. George Washington had a good idea of the many ideas were of both side. But the fact that he usually chose to be on Hamilton's side, made Jefferson feel "left out"; and he eventually resigned as secretary of state. George Washington's presidency was pretty chaotic, but the beginnings of the new country are not expected to be a smooth ride, as it is evident in the incipience of our country.
ReplyDelete1. Due to the lack of an organized economic plan in the Constitution, Hamilton decided to construct a well thought out plan to push the new nation’s economy in what he believed to be the best direction. Although it dealt with major and minor issues in complex ways, Hamilton really dedicated the time and effort needed to benefit the country because their new economy was already bed ridden with debt among other set backs and he strongly felt that there is no simple way to alleviate those issues.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths- Established credibility with foreign nations and forced them to acknowledge US, empowered the central government, improved US’s credit, created a dependable stream of revenue, improved the banking system. Criticisms- Soldiers and poor people got the short end of the stick when the bonds were traded in, the people were being taxed by the federal government for the first time since Britain’s rule, it was very complex and difficult for uneducated people to understand, many people believed that the banking system only benefitted the wealthy.
3. Debate over assumption and funding did not come to an end because many people feared the increasing power of the federal government. Even though the public was happy about the government addressing the debt issue, they feared that the central government could become too strong due to the improved credit it was establishing with other countries. The people also felt that the government was acting oppressively because of taxation, keeping in mind that the last government to tax them was England.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the government had become more powerful in comparison to previous years when the Articles of Confederation were in effect. Unlike Shay’s Rebellion that revealed the weakness of the government, the Whiskey Rebellion was dealt with effectively and in a timely manner. This alarmed the people because they got a glimpse of the new power that the government possessed under the Constitution, and they feared of the government becoming too oppressive.
5. The French Revolution was certainly an obstacle that the US had to overcome because it affected Americans in many different aspects. The federalists who favored England and republicans that supported France were divided, causing tension in their own country. There was also tension in the US’s foreign relations because they had to chose between France and England as trade partners. Regardless of pressure from either side, the US government remained neutral but economically the war still had a negative affect on our country.
6. The French Revolution affected ordinary US citizens because it raised concerns about the power and oppressiveness of their own government. The French Revolution was a model for many countries to oppose their government, and it was dangerous to put thoughts of Revolution in the people’s most often uneducated heads. Americans held onto their beliefs that they deserved their rights, and after seeing how the French government was treated, opposed the US government even more strongly when they felt threatened.
7. During Washington’s presidency, the people were anxious, nervous, and fearful but also hopeful in their new president, which created a good political climate to establish the foundation of the new government. Although many had their doubts and fears about the power of the federal government, they respected and trusted in Washington to lead the country into prosperity. He began by surrounding himself with very influential and intelligent people in order to best decide what was best for the country. Radical policies created by Hamilton among others intimidated the public but things went as smooth as possible under those circumstances because Mr. GW was in office.
Emily mentioned that the French Revolution was a model for Americans to act against their government if it was being too oppressive, but I think that the Americans served as a model for the French as well. The colonists just recently rebelled against the British for being too oppressive and consequently America was created but more importantly a new government was established. In essence, the French were also trying to re-establish or create a new government to better serve the needs of their country.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton’s changes in economics reflected his belief that the Constitution was not high toned enough. On its current course, the nation was on its way to becoming an agricultural society that Thomas Jefferson had envisioned. Hamilton obviously could not let his long time rival have his way. He believed the successful future of the country depended on its industrialization and development of the sciences. His plan, which was meant to establish the country’s international reputation, also benefited the upper class. With more money, they could invest in factories and make the country more “civilized.”
ReplyDelete2. Strengths – Create stability, Earn credit, Promoted investments, Earned international respect
Criticisms - Unfair to veterans, Would strengthen the federal government, Debt not spread evenly
3. Because Patrick Henry was a sore loser, the funding and assumption plan did not cease. He assured southern agriculturists that the new resolution would allow the north to take them over and control them. This put a lot of fear into them. When the national bank was proposed, the situation blew up as the southerners demanded that the bank was unconstitutional and thought it had too much power.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion had much to do with the increase in governmental power. First of all, the cause, the tax on Whiskey, showed that the government was being more aggressive in trying to pay off their debts and that showed an increase in power. Second, the tax affected a small portion of the population and it took a lot of power for the government to just turn a blind eye to those people when they voiced their anger. Thirdly, the way the rebellion was put down, with troops, although it was necessary, definitively showed that the government had much more power.
5. The French Revolution provided a very strange situation for the Americans that tested the nation’s ability to delicately handle foreign affairs. At that time, the American’s were trading with England and France. However, those two nations were enemies and would do anything to stop the other side from getting the advantage. This would result in the confiscation of goods by both sides. Moreover the British started pressing Americans into their navy and that had to be dealt with quickly. The French Revolution also caused a rift in the opinions of people. Two groups emerged, those who supported the Revolution and those that found it appalling. These two groups, similar to the Federalists and Anti-federalists would lead to many social disputes.
6. The news of the Revolution also reached ordinary people and they began to take sides. Those who supported the revolution also began thinking that the new American government was becoming too powerful and that idea may have led them to initiate hostilities in the Americas.
7. The overall climate formed during Washington’s presidency was tense. The first presidency was charged with plugging all the holes the constitution had missed and to fix the problems of the early government. During this time, the Federalists and the anti-Federalists arose and the political climate they produced still exists today in the form of our political parties. Moreover, the French Revolution would create more rifts in the American people as they took sides on whether it was too brutal or not.
I agree with Jimmy when he says in his answer to #7 that the political climate is very interesting. This new government was put in charge of an educated, outspoken population and were opposed by many. They had to make major decisions that would effect the future of the world greatly For instance, if we helped France in its Revolution, the future of France and America's allies could have been much different. This time period was also, as Chris said, very chaotic. Factions began to form as Federalists and Anti-Federalists, and also Jeffersonian Republicans. This chaos was overcome by the new American political system through factors such as Hamilton's economic plan.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton’s economic plans reflected his assertion that the Constitution was not ‘high toned enough’ by developing a more in depth plan to finance the country. He wanted to form an economy in which the wealthy upper class would be more involved in the government then the lower class. While doing this would split the social classes more, it would also give explicit plans for raising revenue and increasing credit.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Increased credit, gave impression of being more unified to foreign countries (which increased relations), stabilized the economy, more efficient banking system, interest rates dropped.
Criticisms: Debt was never actually paid off (nor was Hamilton trying to pay it off), it was highly elitist and separated the wealthy and lower class even more, people (farmers specifically) had to pay taxes on whiskey, soldiers that were the original holders of bonds got no profit from the government paying off bonds.
3. The debate over assumption and funding did not cease because people were extremely wary about taxes. Since England had imposed taxes, which played a significant part in the spark that started the American Revolution, Americans were concerned with what taxes imposed by the government would lead to. Additionally since they were focused mostly on the farmers because they were the ones who distilled the whiskey, which was an item now being taxed, the lower class felt they were being unfairly taxed. This feeling was increased by Hamilton’s blunt desire to give the wealthy class more hold in the government. Another debate about his economic plan included the government taking on the debt of the states from the war. This is what the taxes would be used for. However until this proposal had been paid the states had been working on paying off their own debts. This being said, some states such as Virginia had already paid off most of their debt, while others such as Massachusetts still had a huge way to go. The states who had paid more didn’t like the idea that they were now paying taxes to pay off other states debts while they had been responsible.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion related to the growth of the national government in the sense that the government had shown their strength. The people, while undoubtedly upset about the taxes, needed to see that they had a stable government. When the government didn’t put up with the burning down of Neville’s house and the tar and feathering incidents, it showed that they were serious about the rights and laws that the Constitution had instated. Even though the people didn’t get what they wanted, they were reassured that their leaders would not crumble under pressure as the British leaders in the colonies had.
5.The French Revolution presented a serious test for the United States because it divided them. All in one, it would test how strong the government and people were, and how they would handle foreign relations. People formed groups that supported France, or supported England, no matter what the governments view was. This proved that the first amendment to freedom of speech and assembly was promised, and would not be encroached upon.
ReplyDelete6. The French Revolution affected ordinary people in the United States by for the first time giving them something to disagree about strongly, while keeping a united country. By allowing people to form groups supporting or protesting the French Revolution, people regained their voice. Additionally, women saw how women were becoming more involved in French politics, which led to American women following their lead. This was the beginning of women realizing they wanted their voice heard.
7.During Washington’s presidency, people were very split between loving his policies and hating them, however he managed to maintain the first, very crucial years of the newly formed America. As one of the most unstable times our country has ever been through, Washington provided a sense of stability, which was needed whether or not the people enjoyed every policy he made. Washington made it clear that the Constitution was to be completely abided by, and that exceptions would be made for no one. This firm hand helped the people of the country unite.
I agree with Claudia that the American's served as a model for the French. After the American Revolution, where the colonists proved that it was possible to fight an oppressive government, the French people, who were feeling that their monarchy had become corrupt, began their own revolution.
ReplyDeleteAlso, Rebecca's point about the new term not being expected to be a "smooth ride" was the perfect way to put it. Washington was being faced with an array of problems and decisions, all of which would set the expectations of the government for hundreds of years to come.
I like how Sarah mentions that the French revolution helped Americans regain their voice and express their opinions about anything on their mind. This goes back to the Bill of Rights and the concern that the national government would have all the power, preventing the states and people from basic liberties. The French Revolution helped show that people could freely express their opinions about beliefs. They didn't have to worry about the government stopping them from stating their minds.
ReplyDeleteSarah makes a great point in stating how Washington created a sense of stability throughout the country. Frist of all, he was the first president of America which was a huge burden by itself. He did not have anyone to look upon as to what they did when they were president and had to figure out what exactly his job was. Also, during these times people were seperated by their contrasting views which also made it difficult. With all these factors working against Washington he did his best to keep balance and creat a unified country that respected the people and their liberties. Washington then allowed for the country to keep moving forward and prosper. Without stability in the nation things would have got done at a slower pace and advances would have never been made.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton's economic plan reflected his idea that the constitution was not "fine tuned enough" because Hamilton felt the need to go greater into depth about the financial plan for the nation. Hamilton felt that what was outlined in the constitution was not enough to let the country become financially stable and to gain respect and interactions with other nations. Hamilton also believed that an agricultural society was not enough to push the country forward, and it needed to develop more.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: Foreign countries would respect the United States more, credit was established, and a banking system was developed.
Criticisms: The poor people and the soldiers who were originally given bonds were not reimbursed for them and then they were taxed on whiskey which made up much of their livelihood.
3. Debate over assumption and funding did not cease even though Hamilton's plan was passed because many people were afraid of what would happen after the plan was put in place. It seemed like Hamilton was creating a stong centralized government and it made many people nervous. Hamilton also took many ideas from the British government, and people feared becoming like England again.
4. The Whiskey rebellion proved to the people the new power of the government. The people were used to being appeased by the British, and when the United States government was easily able to suppress their riots with the newly formed Continental army, the people got the idea of how great of a power their government actually was, even if they did not fully approve of it.
5. The French Revolution presented a serious test for the American government because of the trade relations with both Britain and France. This was the first time the government ever had to choose which side it would take. Not only was the government divided, but people also were split over being in favor of the war or against it, in support of the British, or the French. The French revolution was a real test for the new American government as it had to made very important decisions very early on.
6. Ordinary people were also affected by the French revolution, as more and more people began to become involved in the politics of the new government. People gained their own opinions and formed factions and societies that allowed them to gain new ideas and speak them as well.
7. During Washington's presidency, the overall political climate that formed was, as Marco said, tense. Washington was placed in charge of a budding nation, and his presidency revolved around setting an example for the presidents to come in the future. The founding fathers were also still experimenting with implementing the constitution, and controlling the people. There were divisions among the people that needed to be dealt with, riots, taxes, and Hamilton's plan that George Washington needed to control.
Marco brought up an interesting point about how Hamilton could not agree with his rival, Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton could not have an agricultural society because of his pride as well. Agreeing with Jefferson would have gone against Hamilton's pride. I thought that this was an interesting perspective about how Hamilton not only wanted to industrialize the nation to boost the economy, but also to ensure that his long time rival would not get his way.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton felt that the Constitution hadn't been detailed enough, hadn't assumed enough responsibility and control over the direction of the country's future, so he decided to take matters into his own hands with his own economic plans laying out what he wanted to do with finances. He wanted to push America to be as great as it could. Hamilton also felt that for America to thrive, the wealthy needed to prosper, and encouraged that with his financial plans and the bank.
ReplyDelete2.
Strengths: More credit, more money you could borrow, helps get the country maneuver around the debt, organized banking system, stabilized finances, helped America gain respect internationally
Criticisms: Could possibly strengthen the national government too much, favored the wealthy over poor, didn't actually pay back the debt
3. After Hamilton's plan got passed, it started to push the limits set in the Constitution and made people uneasy, causing them to wonder how far would it go. They felt it was pushing past the powers of the federal government, giving too much power to it, and starting to reach beyond what the Constitution permitted, especially with the idea of a national bank. Alarm bells rang off in people's heads once they heard the suggestion of taxes, too. Things started to feel a bit oppressive for the poor.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion showed the strength and authority the national government was beginning to have. It could tax them, use the military to suppress riots, showed that the government was not only willing to take action, but it could under this Constitution, unlike the Articles of Confederation.
5. The French Revolution put America in the situation where there would be a conflict on interest and force there to be a decision made. They would have to choose between trading with one of two countries, England or France, that hated each other. It tested America's diplomacy and ability in international politics, as well as the internal stability, because different stances were taken on this position, favoring one or the other country.
6. People felt involved in the French Revolution, because it was a way to exercise their freedom of speech, where they could speak freely about their opinion or position on the issue. It also raised their concerns about America's government, which as the national government grew stronger reminded them of the monarchies of Britain and France.
7. There was a lot of tension and disunity in Washington's presidency. They were beginning a new country, so every decision they made, from what they'd call the president to how to handle the Whiskey Rebellion, was carefully examined, with all options considered. It lead to plenty of criticism and support for any stance that might be taken on an issue, creating factions that fought and disagreed with each other, most notably between Jefferson and Hamilton. The government was tested in a variety of issues, and each time they had to re-examine the Constitution and try to interpret it, which led to even more disagreement.
The people who have talked about the fighting between Jefferson and Hamilton remind me that this would have been the most difficult for Washington. It was his job to listen to both of their opinions fairly and try to do so without bias, since Hamilton and Washington had worked together during the American Revolution. So even though he usually agreed with Hamilton, Washington would have needed to try and make Jefferson feel satisfied and represented, rather than overlooked, which he eventually did.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton’s economic plan reflected his assertion that the Constitution was not ‘high toned enough’ by showing his wishes for the government to support the determined and entrepreneurs who wanted to advance their environment. He believed that such personalities would be the future for American success. His ideas to achieve more credit and better the economy was legitimate, however, it mostly negatively affected the poor rather than affecting everyone as a whole which many deemed as unfair.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: It stabilized the economy, established credibility, gave the government a stable amount of revenue, and created a more efficient banking system.
Criticisms: It favored the elite and wealthy, the original holders of bonds get left out in getting paid back, debt kept on growing, and people had to pay taxes.
3. The debate over assumption and funding didn’t cease because Anti-Federalists such as Patrick Henry kept on spreading the word about the inequality that Hamilton’s plan created. Southerners felt disregarded and therefore tried to renew discussion on the topic. In addition, Hamilton’s proposal for the national bank further increased political debate once more about whether or not the plan was a good idea.
4. The Whiskey Rebellion related to the growth of the national government by illustrating the army’s strength and ability to maintain control. Although no one died during this rebellion, the message that the government sent was strong. People realized to not mess with their authority and protestors got arrested and backed down. However, many were also concerned that the government was becoming too oppressive and similar to Britain’s government.
5. The French Revolution presented a serious test for the United States because it divided their citizens and gave America a choice. If the US didn’t help the French, trade relations might be hindered, but if the US did help, chaos would erupt between those who supported the French and those who did not.
6. The French Revolution affected ordinary people in the United States because it was a time when commoners felt oppressed by the government. Americans were enlightened on new thoughts on defending their liberties and rights, which created more controversy towards the American government.
7. The political climate during Washington’s presidency was distinguished through difficult decisions. It was balanced with necessity and sensibility. He began his presidency under a new government and had to lead it cautiously and confidently. However, there were a few tough spots he had to overcome even within his government such as the strong differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. In addition, anxiety increased due to many oppositions to Hamilton’s plan and divisions within the country persisted.
1. Hamilton supported the upper class or “elite” more than the ordinary people. The rich benefited from Hamilton’s plans, as well as helped his plans; they helped stimulate the economy. Because bonds were being reimbursed the rich got richer, catering to Hamilton’s plan to help the rich. The poor people, the people that needed the bonds, were left in the dust. They had most likely already sold their bonds for a fraction of its worth to help them survive. He had a very loose interpretation of the Constitution (unlike Jefferson), which made all the changes possible.
ReplyDelete2. PROS: Hamilton’s plan did exactly what it was supposed to do. He stimulated the economy and raised our credit. By using credit he expanded America’s spending ability tremendously. Raising taxes also helped. With a good economy the people were happier, the country would run smoother, and America’s status would rise in politics. America would be a more trustworthy country than others to get loans from because America could actually pay them back.
CONS: Jefferson was always a critique of Hamilton’s. He did not support Hamilton’s “elitist” plan because the pure hardworking Americans would not get the same benefits as the richer class. The banking only benefited the wealthy and the soldiers still didn’t get their pay. Taxes were hard for the Americans to handle, because they had not been taxed since Britain’s rule.
3. Hamilton’s plan was still controversial. Many, such as Jefferson, felt that the government was becoming too centralized. Taking on all the states debt and giving it to the national government was a huge step that people were not really ready for. The idea helped drive more of a wedge in politics.
4. The whiskey rebellion linked the national and central government more closely together. Because the rioters attempted to rebel against the government, as they did England, it made the new central government step up. George Washington’s choice to send troops was ultimately the better choice, because the rebels scrambled when the continental army arrived. Central government had shown the people that they can’t just riot whenever they want because this is not English rule. The central and local government got closer because the local government realized they really had to listen to the central government and not do rash rebellions anymore.
5. The French revolution was a test because of the overwhelming sympathy Americans had for the French. They helped America with their revolution and many Americans wanted to help the French the same way. The French Revolution tested whether America would become more like Britain or oppose Britain by siding with the French. America had to choose whether to trade with England or France, which was tough because America wanted to maximize their profits. Maximizing the prophets was another reason why America wanted to stay neutral during the French revolution.
6. People were very involved in the French Revolution. The largest change was in women, they were inspired by the French women protesters. Soon there were more women speaking up in politics. Many people became more afraid of government because they were uneducated. Although they did realize, from the French Revolution, that their liberties were definitely worth fighting for and held on to their beliefs strongly.
7. The political climate was controversial at all times. There was little politics could agree on. Hamilton and Jefferson are a prime example. They were constantly bickering. There was a wedge in politics that wasn’t coming out. The politicians had many different views. Loose interpretation vs. strict interpretation, elite vs. poor, America vs. Britain, whiskey tax vs. no whiskey tax, and many more. The lists of controversies were endless.
I agree with a lot of people here. Although Hamilton's plan was out of the ordinary and not conservative whatsoever, it was a plan that would work on the nation. Every country needs to build on credit in order to strive and even though debt consumed a lot of America's problems, the plan had its ups and downs and truly established the much needed credibility. In addition, during Washington's presidency within the nation, the political climate seemed to generate more and more tension as time went on. Hamilton's plan led to great opposition and controversies, but in the end, it stabilized the economy which was what the government had needed at the time.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Scott when he said Washington had the hardest decision. Playing Washington in class made that clear. Even though Hamilton was right (and he definitely knew it), Jefferson had legitimate complaints/ reasons. I think in the end, it was good Washington had both sides (even though they probably got extremely annoying), because he can make the best choice possible by having both sides of the argument right in front of him. Hamilton and Jefferson were bright politicians, representing the center issues in America. In the long run having them bicker and fight helped Washington.
ReplyDelete1. Hamilton wanted to bring this not “high toned” constitution into a new direction. He wanted to promote domestic manufacturing and more over sea trade. He also wanted to form alliances with those who wanted extend their fortunes using the Americas. In general he wanted a plan that could work for many years to come and wanted country to be financially more stable.
ReplyDelete2. Strengths: more stable economy, gave a change in revenue, more efficient banking system, credit is restored.
Criticisms: Debt will grow, Soldiers get left out, favored the rich and wealthy, more taxes.
3.Debates over assumption and funding did not cease because many people were worried about what could happen in the future. Many felt this plan favored the national government and northern commerce too much. They were afraid that these powers would expand too much.
1. Hamilton used references from the economic plans of nations like Great Britain in order to create an economic plan for America while simultaneously asserting a stronger centralized government. Although his plan seemed radical, and caused a lot of controversy and division among the citizens of the nation, Hamilton did not give up on his proposals and knew his plan would ultimately be very beneficial.
ReplyDelete2. strengths: established credit, stabilized the economy, gained revenue to pay back war debt, created a strong national bank, and ultimately led to the federal government growing stronger and more respected both domestically and internationally.
weaknesses: controversy and division: not in constitution, benefitting the wealthy and burdening the poor, soldiers/original bond owners not being paid, critiques, division between Hamilton and Jefferson
3. Hamilton's economic plan was the beginning of further division between the more industrious north and the more agrarian south. The people, mainly the poor and rurally located peoples, complained that his plan was unjust due to the burdens being placed. Citizens immediately felt that they were being targeted and oppressed by the government, threatening their freedom and right to prosper. With the power of the centralized government increasing, the fear of the power, and how it could end up tyrannical and corrupt, rose as well.
4. The Whisky Rebellion ultimately demonstrated the growth of the national government in a powerful manner. In order to end the rebellion, the government sent 13,000 troops, and successfully conveyed a "don't mess" message to the people. The force used on the people demonstrated that the national government was capable a placing order, and were able to handle situations. The quieting of the rebellion reflected on the seriousness of the government, and how the American government will not just appease the rebels like England had previously done. This also conveys the strength the government was obtaining, while also showing that the government is willing to take risks in order to keep order, and do what was necessary to not grow corrupt.
5. The French Revolution, and the European nations during the time, was ultimately testing America's neutrality, and their strength as a new nation with a new government. France and England are two nations that were practically using America as a tool. France continuously attempted to pull America in, and England abused American trade (going after ships and confiscating goods) in order to challenge France (their biggest enemy) The French Revolution also brought internal struggle to America as the people grew divided on whether or not they supported the revolution, and if they should or should not get truly involved in the situation.
ReplyDelete5 Influenced by the success of the American Revolution, the French decided to have a revolution of their own, which ultimately affected the ordinary people of America. The people grew highly involved in politics, creating clubs, societies, and even holding dinner parties and salons all for the sake of politics. Protests, parades, and other sorts of celebrations occurred as well. Many Americans celebrated the fact that France was now joining in on the ideologies of freedom and prosperity in a somewhat democratic state. Also due to the influence of the French Revolution, women obtained a larger role in political standards (hosting the parties and salons, and also getting involved in the protests) and began to speak their voices, and get more involved. The French Revolution also brought division among the people due to different views towards involvement.
7. Whenever something new is put in place, it is not automatically perfect and accepted right away. Washington's political climate was a controversial one. The people were critical of the new proposals and governmental acts, and still feared the government would eventually abuse their power. The French Revolution, and other revolutions and radical movements alike, did not help the cause. Citizens were growing more involved with politics, and the division that was created led to controversy within itself. Not only was there division and tension among the public, but Washington's assembly was growing divided as well. (This is especially the case with Hamilton and Jefferson) Washington had to truly set the bar for America, and bring growth and strength domestically and internationally, and therefore had to cope with a lot of basic fundamentals such as stabilizing the economy, enforcing law, setting order, setting diplomacy, deciding what industry to depend on (manufacture vs. agriculture) and so on. Overall, Washington's political climate was a turbulent one due to having to set the foundation for America during a period of outside rebellion and division.
Like Chanel, by taking on Washington, I had learned how difficult his responsibility of being the first president truly was. It was his job to ultimately set the standards of our nation, and though he had the advice and ideas of Hamilton and Jefferson, he was the who mainly made the final decision.
ReplyDelete1.)While Hamilton strived to push for a strong centralized government he treated the Constitution as a flexible document allowing for himself to manipulate the system of how he wanted to carry out his economic plan. It wasn't all 100%. He was able to make changes as they worked, which I personally believe was necessary. The plan had to be suitable to fit the situation of it all. So this all essentially allowed him to develop a technique in the way which he borrowed and spent money, his own little system of checks, and some balances, with the cooperation of other nations and traders.
ReplyDelete2.) (Chart)
3.)Hamilton's actions and ideas came off oppresive to the people of the states. They seemed rather rash at times and very quickly made, something which naturally startles people, especially with the sensitive position of which they were all in. But his actions came with confidence. Hamilton knew what was necessary in order to make the financial system work. The money of the nation was obviously not a light matter, even though he treated the Constitution as a flexible document, this economic plan was just for success. He had no intentions of struggling through it.
4.) The sending of troops into the Whiskey Rebellion simply stated "Don't mess with the government!" It showed assertion in their role. The actions taken by Washington were targeted at showing strength in the national government and protection as well, however, not oppression.
ReplyDelete5.) + 6.) The French Revolution ultimately affected the viewpoints of several people in the nation. The nation was split into two different sides and relationships with trading partners and supporting partners was clearly complicated. There was England, and then there was France, and the people of the nation were the ones to choose who to keep a mutual relationship, but like today our nation tends to want to "Get in everyones' business, and fix it." Which of course is not a bad idea but we see today how that complicates the lives of simple people.
7.) The situations which President Washington was thrown into were all very powerful and suitable tests for him. Washington was the very first President, no body had heard of this before and it was an entirely new type of government. It was his responsibility to successfully lead this young nation into economic success and he did so with the help of his cabinet members, especially Hamilton, he was to lead his people into the right direction, and generally Jefferson was responsible for that role because he saw the individual rights of people before the national government, other than those things establishing international healthy relationships was very important however, with the effects of the French Revolution upon the nation this again, was not a simple task.
I want to reiterate on the inner conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson because I feel like that is a powerful inner struggle that Washington had to deal with, he had no choice otherwise. Its important though because it also highlights on the emotional tension that existed within the government, the clashing of beliefs and ideas, all of these characteristics pass on to several other opposing delegates and members of congress. Today, this is obviously very common because our independence in the government has allowed us to grow into a multi-perspective nation.
ReplyDelete4. The whiskey rebellion relates to the growth of the national government for many reasons. Even though it caused many casualties and caused a lot of controversy it actually brought the local and central government closer together. They had to help each other to figure out the best ways to deal with the issue on hand. Washington than sent many soldiers to deal with the issue. In general, this brought the nation closer together.
ReplyDelete5. The French revolution caused a threat to the United States in many ways. Hamilton was afraid because he felt that the French’s way of approaching the revolution was completely wrong. He also felt that this would hurt the commerce and trade because America was already trading with France. Britain was also involved in this issue and the United States was afraid of whom to side with. If they sided with Britain than France would be mad or vice versa. They didn’t want to get involved in another war. Overall, the French Revolution presented a huge threat.
6. The French Revolution affected the average person in many ways. For example, the Americans were formulating assumptions on the basis of the politics. Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans were forming rallies to denounce and or praise the revolution. Also there were many Philadelphia citizens that were celebrating because they wanted the revolution to occur. Feminist activity was also forming. They were being involved with political talks and discussions on the issue. Middle and upper class women were now having more of a say in politics.
ReplyDelete7. Overall, the politics were different than what any other nation has tried to do before. It was based off a republican ideology but also has a really strong central government with a bunch of local state governments. During Washington’s presidency, he had a lot of support but also a lot of criticism. Many people disagreed with Hamilton’s economic plans, and many did not agree with the taxes. For example, opposition groups like Jeffersonian Republicans were forming and causing controversy on the government. But as time passed, the United States would begin to unite more and be a stronger nation.
I agree with Chanel on number 7. She states that the climate was constant bickering and "controversial at all times". This is a very true statement. Hamilton had to deal with so much criticism about his plan with Washington and Madison. He also had to deal with controversy from Jefferson and the average citizen. Washington also had to deal with tough situations like the Whiskey Rebellion and there were always tough decisions to make during his presidency.
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